Understanding the Determinants of Penal Policy: Crime, Culture, and Comparative Political Economy
This review sets out four main explanatory paradigms of penal policy— focusing on, in turn, crime, cultural dynamics, economic structures and interests, and institutional differences in the organization of different political economies as the key determinants of penal policy. We argue that these paradigms are best seen as complementary rather than competitive and present a case for integrating them analytically in a comparative political economy framework situated within the longue durée of technology regime change.