UK Defence Capability: 'How well is the United Kingdom prepared, in terms of defence & security, for the challenges and threats that lie ahead?'

In January 2017, the House of Lords debate on Defence Capability, initiated by Lord Robertson, revealed a number of areas for the United Kingdom to consider two years after the last Strategic Defence and Security Review in 2015. In this panel discussion, CCW brings together members of the House of Lords who participated in the original debate to engage in a discussion about the threats we face, the issues that concern us from a defence and security point of view, and the implications for future planning.

Opium and Coercive State Formation: Strongmen and Armed Conflicts in Burma’s Shan State (1948-1996)

The predominance of the state is overstated. In Burma and other countries, pockets of territory remain under the control of non-state actors. The processes through which these counter state orders emerge are varied and often not well understood. This paper examines the conditions under which the presence of resources presents opportunities for the emergence of counter state orders led by powerful strongmen. To do so, it looks at the role of opium in Mainland Southeast Asia in the period from 1948 to 1996.
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