Building Tribes: How Administrative Units Shaped Ethnic Groups in Africa
Ethnic identities around the world are deeply linked to the modern territorial state, yet it is often unclear to what extent ethnicity shapes states or states shape ethnic identities. I argue that governments at the national and subnational level have incentives to bias governance in favor of the largest ethnic groups in their territory. The resulting disadvantages for ethnic minorities can motivate minority assimilation and emigration. Both reactions gradually align ethnic with administrative boundaries. I examine this process at the subnational level in 20 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.