This seminar will discuss Russia’s use of cyberspace for revisionist purposes in the international system and the West’s failure - so far - to counter it. Contemporary Russia is no ordinary world power. Its leaders strive to alter the international order more than preserve it. This aspiration embodies ideological as much as material goals. The main targets of Russia's activist foreign policy are the Western liberal nations that dominate the current international order and their aspiring partners in Russia's near abroad. Cyber activity is a central element of this programme of change.

Critical junctures in history can cast long-run shadows on institutional development. The death of Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century ushered in a period of Islamic conquest. By 1100, conquest introduced several unique institutional innovations (e.g., political authority enforced with elite slave soldiers) leading to a “classical” Islamic equilibrium of centralized autocracy that has persisted to the modern period. To substantiate these claims, I demonstrate that countries with greater exposure to Islamic conquest are less democratic in the modern era.

Sexual violence in conflict once again captured the international spotlight earlier this month when gynaecologist, Dr Denis Mukwege, and human rights activist, Nadia Murad, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Responding to sexual violence grew exponentially in importance on international policy agendas over the past decade, with clear implications for operational and programmatic practice across conflict-affected contexts.

The politics of fiscal policy in Europe since the financial crisis poses an important puzzle to political economy scholarship. Political parties campaigning on and implementing austerity policies were installed and maintained in office despite – or even because of – economic policy choices imposing widespread costs. Canonical theories in political science, and in economics, provide little help in understanding these dynamics.

Stephanie Hare has been working with CognitionX, a start-up providing expertise about Artificial Intelligence (AI), on the topic of AI ethics. She will present the approach she and her CognitionX colleagues have been developing on how to think about AI ethics, including 'why ethics', a taxonomy and definitions, and why AI ethics is important for companies to consider as a core concept when acquiring and managing data, building and maintaining customer trust, and anticipating regulatory trends.