Recent IR literature suggests that populist ideology, while primarily a domestic phenomenon, has distinct foreign policy implications, as populist leaders reject Western hegemony, transnational elites, and liberal international institutions. Yet how impactful is this stance, given the potential costs of defying the liberal order? This paper argues that populist leaders can pursue more radical foreign policies only when shielded from international economic constraints – most notably through natural resource rents.

In registered reports, researchers submit a design for review; the journal decides whether to publish before results are available. How and when does the registered report approach improve on pre-registration and standard post-implementation peer review? And how should researchers make use of this new way to publish research? We consider these questions in light of a Bayesian learning model that incorporates researcher incentives.